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A brain which looks like a tree by a VNS Therapy device
VNS Therapy™ for Drug-Resistant Epilepsy (DRE)
Drug-resistant epilepsy affects patients in many ways.1 Find out how VNS Therapy™ could help to reduce the consequences of DRE for your patients.
VNS Therapy™ is an established neuromodulation therapy for DRE2, indicated for both adult and paediatric patients with focal or generalised seizures.

VNS Therapy™ is the most studied neuromodulation therapy in use for drug-resistant epilepsy patients, with over 30 years of innovation3.

2300+ publications (Highest number of publications among neuromodulation therapies in epilepsy)

Publications

Highest number of publications among neuromodulation therapies in epilepsy4

175,000 patients treated

Patients treated

High number of neuromodulation implants for DRE3

30 years of experience in DRE

Years of experience

The longest experience in DRE

VNS Therapy™ is an effective treatment option for patients with DRE

Based on studies comparing effects of VNS Therapy™ compared to pre-VNS Therapy™, or VNS Therapy™ + treatment-as-usual compared to treatment-as-usual alone, some people with VNS Therapy™ have experienced benefits that include:

Fewer Seizures

Sustained improvements in seizure frequency, seizure severity and postictal recovery5

VNS Therapy™ significantly reduces the incidence of hospitalizations, ER visits, fractures and head trauma in patients with DRE

Lower incidence of hospitalisations, A&E visits, fractures and head traumas6

VNS Therapy reduces depressive symptoms such as mood

Reduction of symptoms associated with depression such as mood7

Patients receiving VNS Therapy experience significant improvements in quality of life

Improvements in quality of life5,8

Cognitive development and memory

Improved cognitive development and memory5,8

Long-term efficacy of VNS Therapy™ increases over time

VNS Therapy™ has been shown to reduce seizures as early as 3 months and reductions increase over time.9

Benefits of VNS Therapy™ for Adults Benefits of VNS Therapy™ for Paediatrics

 

HCP Home - Graph1_Graphs_BC_10272b_v13 HCP Home - Graph2_Graphs_BC_10272b_v13HCP Home - Graph3_Graphs_BC_10272b_v13


Percent change in seizure frequency by seizure type (median with 95% CI)

More than 70% of patients chose to replace their device at the end of service2

What is VNS Therapy™ and how does it work?

VNS Therapy™ is an approved treatment option for both paediatric and adult patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.2

 The VNS Therapy™ System includes a pulse generator that is implanted under the skin and connected via leads to the left vagus nerve at the carotid sheath. The generator sends mild pulses through the vagus nerve to the brain.10 VNS Therapy™ can lead to fewer seizures, shorter seizures and better recovery after seizures, as well as improvements in quality of life, depressive symptoms, cognition and memory.5,7,8

VNS Therapy™ can deliver stimulation in three ways

Normal Mode

Normal Mode

Helps prevent seizures

Stimulation is delivered at regular intervals all day, every day2,10

Responsive mode (Austostim)

AutoStim Mode*

Responds to rapid increases in heart rate

An extra dose of therapy is automatically delivered at the sign of a rapid increase in heart rate, which may be associated with seizures2,10,11

*Only available in Models 106, 1000 and 1000-D

Magnet Mode (On-Demand)

VNS Therapy™ Magnet

Delivers on-demand treatment

Stimulation is manually delivered by swiping the VNS Therapy™ Magnet over the area of the device to help stop or shorten a seizure once it starts2,10

Available in Models 1000 and 1000-D only

Customisable treatment and therapy management

Enhanced programming options available with the latest VNS Therapy technology

Day & Night Programming

Day & Night Programming

Create two independent sets of therapy parameters at different times during a 24-hour period.

After the Day-Night program has been defined, the generator will alternate between the 2 independent parameter sets on a daily basis. This feature provides the physician with the ability to further customise the delivery of VNS Therapy™ to accomodate each individual patient's needs after a target level has been established for the patient.2

Scheduled Programming

Scheduled Programming

Enables the programming of the generator so that it automatically increases stimulation therapy parameters while the patient is in the comfort of their home.

This feature is intended to be used during the titration phase and could potentially reduce the number of appointments the patient may need to travel to and from the clinic for programming visits only.2

VNS Therapy™ works through monoaminergic modulation of limbic and thalamocortical circuitry12

The unique mechanism of action involves the bottom-up modulation of seizure-propagating circuitry.

The vagal afferent network

Vagal afferents primarily project to the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), which then sends fibers to other brainstem nuclei that modulate subcortical and cortical activity. This vagal afferent network is likely the neural substrate of the anti-seizure effects of VNS Therapy™.

  1. Nucleus tractus solitarius
  2. Locus coeruleus
  3. Dorsal raphe nuclei
  4. Hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus
  5. Pre-frontal cortex

When managing DRE, anti-seizure medications alone are unlikely to help your patients achieve seizure control or an improved quality of life13. As soon as you suspect DRE, consider the treatment goals and speak to your patients about non-drug treatment options. 

The sooner you act, the more likely you are to mitigate the serious consequences of DRE.

Explore VNS Therapy benefits for adult patients

Explore VNS Therapy benefits for adult patients

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See the data behind VNS Therapy for paediatric patients

Explore VNS Therapy for paediatric patients

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Learn more at a VNS Therapy webinar

Join the discussion at a VNS Therapy webinar

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Learn about SenTiva™

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Watch real-life patient testimonials

Hear patients talk about their experiences

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VNS Therapy™ has proven safety and tolerability profile with side effects reducing over time 14,15

Safety Profile

VNS Therapy has no drug interactions and does not cause drug-related toxic central nervous system side effects.10

The most common adverse events following stimulation (>5%) were voice alterations, increased coughing, pharyngitis, paresthesia, dyspnea, dyspepsia, and nausea. These side effects typically occur only during stimulation and generally become less noticeable over time for most patients.2,10,14

Infection is the most common complication of the surgical procedure. Children (<12 years of age) may have a greater risk for infection when compared to adolescent and adult patients (≥12 years).2

For more safety information click here.

References

1. Park KM, et al. J Epilepsy Res. 2019;9:14–26. 2. VNS Therapy™ System Epilepsy Physician’s Manual (OUS), January 2025, LivaNova, Houston, TX. 3. Data on File, LivaNova, Houston, TX. 4. The number of publications/clinical trials on www.pubmed.com while searching for a. "Vagus nerve stimulation" OR "Vagal nerve stimulation" OR "VNS" AND "Epilepsy" NOT "Auricular" ; b. "deep brain stimulation" OR "DBS" AND "Epilepsy"; c. "Responsive neurostimulation" OR "RNS" AND "Epilepsy". 5. Orosz I, et al. Epilepsia. 2014;55(10):1576–84. 6. Helmers SL, et al. Epilepsy Behav. 2011;22(2):370–5. 7. Spindler P, et al. Seizure. 2019;69:77–9. 8. Englot DJ, et al. Epilepsy Behav. 2017;66:4–9. 9. Data on file. CORE-VNS Clinical Study Report, LivaNova, USA, June 2025. 10. VNS Therapy™ Patient’s Guide for Epilepsy (OUS), January 2025, LivaNova, Houston, TX. 11. Fisher RS, et al. Neuromodulation. 2016;19(2):188–95. 12. Hachem LD, et al. Neurosurg Focus. 2018;45(3):E2. 13. Kwan P, Brodie MJ. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(5):314–9. 14. Ben-Menachem E. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2001;18(5):415–8. 15. Elliott RE, et al. Epilepsy Behav. 2011;20(1):57–63.

This website is intended for healthcare professionals in the United Kingdom. VNS Therapy™ for drug-resistant epilepsy is not available in all regions - please refer to your country-specific labelling.